What is learning?

What is learning?

By: Dr. Majid Amraei  Learning is the change in performance, the response to the unknown, the change or enhancement of human functioning in the areas of behavioral, cognitive, and emotional (Majid Amaraie 2002( .

It is also learning to increase awareness, behaviors, abilities, or choices that are either new or existing and are now better "understood" or "reinforced" or "refined"; learning may mean a potential shift.

 In combining data, the depth of knowledge, approaches or behaviors (actions) will depend on the type and range of experiences.

 

Meanwhile, the ability to learn is an opportunity available to humans, creatures and plants, and to machines.

 

The learning process follows the learning curve over time.

Learning is not instantaneous, but is based on past knowledge.

 

Accordingly, learning can be defined as a process to be a set of knowledge of how to do and make statements based on reality.

 

Learning ultimately leads to changes that are usually permanent.

Human learning can be part of the process of learning, personal development, and exercises that may be purposeful or motivational-based.

 

Studying how learning occurs is part of the educational psychology, neuroscience, theory of education and the sciences that have a profound impact on performance as well as "human roles", which will be explained further.

 

How is learning done? Learning is generally done in the following two main ways: "getting used to" and "playing".

1.  Learning may occur as a result of being present with conditional behaviors (as seen in many creatures) .

2 - Learning can be the result of complex tasks such as play (seen only in intelligent creatures such as humans) .

Learning may also take place consciously or unconsciously, thus affecting both the assigned and inherited roles as well as the acquired roles that will be described below ….

Dramatherapy and it's effectiveness in psychosis therapy

Dramatherapy and it's effectiveness in psychosis therapy
Written by: Dr Majid Amraei/ drametherapist, university lecturer and member of WADT

Nowadays, in advanced societies, complementary and non medicinal therapies are extremely important in rehabilitation field. Meanwhile, using art is more important due to it's attraction and direct effects on cases psyche. And drama has a exclusive position.

Some of these characteristics are: directness(immediacy), entertaining, basing in play, practicality, delightfulness, satisfactoriness, economical, basing on team, being available,...

The roots of traditional methods of dramatherapy in Iran can be found in fables, stories and traditional cermonies. The dramatical feast, sarrow and appreciation cermonies which had been performed to make people calm. And then transfered to future by verbal and documentary literature. 
For instance, Avecina's fables, Chahar maghale by Nezami Aruzi, Rumi's(Molana) fables and some important stories in Shahname by Ferdowsi and some stories of Rudaki Samarghandi. 

Dramatherapy is purposeful utilizing of therapeutical aspects of drama as a subsidiary tool in rehabilitation of cases. 
It is a Scientific play based method which uses for develpoing of creativity, imagination, learning, insight and progress in human. 

In Iran dramatherapy association point of view, dramatherapy has four characteristics: subsidiary, play based, team based and non medicinal. 

In Britain drametherapy association view, dramatherapy has two elements:
1.The drama which assess the creative potential of body and mind by means of various techniques of drama. 
2.The therapy that responses to individual's mental needs in group, in a safe, supportive, and informal space. 

On the base of the mentioned hypothesis, everybody can take part in dramatherapy sessions, but everybody can not be a dramatherapist. 
Dramatherapy is useful for all people in different ages. 

The main purpose of dramatherapy is promotion of ability of group members to acheive a better experience from their lives. Dramatherapy is an effective solution to decrease the psychie effects of psychopathies by working in group. 

Dramatherapy includes verbal and non verbal activities and uses different dramatical and psychological methods. 

Dramatherapy helps trainees to overcome the stress and anxiety, moreover it makes them able to be strong in catastrophic situation such as mourning, anguish, losing relations and normal situations. 

Drametherapists team includes theatre artists, psychologists and psychiatrists. They compose combinational training to solve the psycological, emotional and cognitional problems. 

Stories, mythes, play, puppetry, masks and improvisation are the samples of great range of art tools which uses in psychodrama. 

In dramatherapy center of Iran point of view, dramatherapy performs on two basical theory: theory of psycological role playing or performing and theory of interplay or observation. 
In the first theory, drametherapist helps the case to play his own problem with the purpose of abreaction and getting calm. 
In the second theory, the dramatrapist make an observational situation for the case. It means the case whatches his own problem in others and can solve his problem by drametherapist's solutions. 

Dramatherapy in predefined protcol, tries to guide the cases to talk about their problems in peace and out of any harm. 

The therapist receive the information about his patients from these sources:
By self reporting of the case, by getting information from parents of the case, by therapy team including psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker,... and also in act and taking part in dramatherapy sessions. 

After receiving the information, drametherapist set a schedule in 16 to 24 sessions to achieve significant differences in clinical signs(illness signs). 

Dramatherapy is never depends on spectatores. It means, it does not perform to watch and it is completely different from formal theatre in goals and in modus operandi. 
The main goal of formal theatre is art production in aesthetic frame. While the main goal of dramatherapy is solving the problem, not art production. Imporvisation is an important factor in dramatherapy, while in formal theatre everything happens on the base of a predestinated story, and spectators beleive the actor in his role. 
There is no place for story hallucination in dramatherapy unless in "hallucination play technique" with the purose of abreaction. 

On the base of extended acceptance of this therapical method in the world, Iranian dramatherapists hope dramatherapy utilize more by Iranian people.

Role Theory From the point of view of Dr. Majid Amraei

Role Theory From the point of view of Dr. Majid Amraei: "Roles are sometimes active" and "sometimes passive".

"Active role" is a dynamic role and "passive role" is involved and problematic.

Each person's satisfaction with the performance of their role is indicative of their health.

"The role of each individual in every situation is very different from his" past "and" future "roles.

Preparing for a role depends on a variety of elements.

The most important are "role theme", "role location" and "role time".

Our psychological relationship with roles is very effective in accepting or not accepting them.

The best roles are provided by people who have the "power of analysis", "readiness to accept", and "the motivation to change."